Performance and design of full-width RHS X and T joints under brace axial tension and brace bending

Within the research framework for updating international design standard ISO 14346 hollow section joints, this study examines brace failure and chord sidewall in full-width rectangular (RHS) X T joints under axial tension, in-plane bending out-of-plane bending. The codified rules RHS are reviewed, with their limitations highlighted. Design resistance equations failure, based on modified effective width method, also using bearing–buckling method Lan–Kuhn then proposed. Up-to-date experimental numerical results collated from literature, which cover a wide range of geometrical parameters, steel grades ranging S235 to S960, varying weld details, loading cases compiled adopted evaluate performance assess suitability proposed equations. It is shown that details can significantly affect deformation capacity static strengths joints. yield conservative reliable strength predictions Welding guidance user-friendly rules, an extension include Class 3 cross-sections included, suggested • Collates reported Covers Evaluates effects grade cross-section class. Proposes welding failure.